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Timeline of some key discoveries and advances in the development of mRNA-based drug

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Timeline of some key discoveries and advances in the development of mRNA-based drug technology. Green boxes represent discoveries and advances in mRNA mechanisms; blue boxes represent discoveries and advances in mRNA-based drug applications. Abbreviations: mRNA, messenger RNA; 5′ cap, five-prime cap; LNP, lipid nanoparticles; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DCs, dendritic cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. …

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Optimizing Modified mRNA In Vitro Synthesis Protocol for Heart Gene Therapy

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Synthetic modified RNA (modRNA) is a novel vector for gene transfer to the heart and other organs. modRNA can mediatestrong, transient protein expression with minimal induction of the innate immune response and risk for genome integration.modRNA is already being used in several human clinical trials, and its use in basic and translational science is growing.Due …

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A New Type of Labelling of Nucleosides and Nucleotides

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A new labelling technique attaching fluorescein via a carbamoyl linker directly to the amino groups of the nucleobases was developed. The amino groups were first converted to the phenoxycarbonyl derivatives (10,15, 19, 58), which reacted under mild conditions with 5-aminofluorescein to give the corresponding N-[(fluorescein-5-ylamino)carbonyl] derivatives (11 ± 14, 16, 17, 20, 59, 60). The …

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Novel Phosphoramidite Building Blocks

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Novel Phosphoramidite Building Blocks in Synthesis and Applications Toward Modified Oligonucleotides Natarajan Venkatesan, Su Jeong Kim and Byeang Hyean Kim In recent years modified oligonucleotides (oligos) have become an area of increased research activity. These synthetic biopolymers have long been used as molecular probes to understand better the interaction between proteins and nucleic acids at …

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Synthesis of Phosphate-Branched Oligonucleotides

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A solid-phase synthesis for phosphate-branched oligonucleotides is described. The method is based on coupling of a single nucleoside phosphorodiamidite to terminal hydroxyl functions of two solidsupported oligonucleotides. After oxidation of the phosphite triester obtained to a phosphate triester, the third branch is assembled by conventional phosphoramidite chemistry. Phosphorodialkylamidites 1-3 may in principle be used in …

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